ϴһڡ
椣ԴġԴţҳԴˣˣҲһ¡У¡У¡ҼϹһ§סϹһ§ŮϹһֱŮһȦסҡŮڡ
ġҳŮŬ졣
ŰŮֻСҵʵʵһڡȻһŤͷϹ˵ְҲһ𡣡ǡڶһ϶һ
ŮЦš
ˡŮһָš
ϹһĹѰ촽ӡĴϡ
۾Ůšı۾ճϹĴϹζϤζ
ͷСͻȻðôһ䡣Ҳˡ
ѾͷͷĶѧģҺ˵
ﰡͷšŮ˵ֱ׳ġ(ڵĵӾ簡)Ϲȥ˵ʳԷʱϹơƣҲһƽʱDzȵġ治֪ζĶɶúȡҺһΡ(Ůȴ˵úȣСƹְ֡)죬ơڣûж࣬һƼھͺȹˡˬĵĸо·ƽϢĵȡ
ȾͺȰɣڼ[ƺ]ϹЦŰҵı(Ϲ˵ҺȶԺӺ̬ɾУɧˡ
״̬[ƺ])졣ˢ룡Ҳûˢ㿴ۼҵˢģʣˡʣ⼸Ʊ߶ˡͳ㣬ۼҵҲûɸֵġɶ˵ңֲǹġҴЬȴץţȼס
аô˵ҼҵĴء(ΪҳҲƵģϹ˵ĴŮҴŮС)˵ˣ˵ˣҵĽȼŲĸоȺģϹʴĶ̿һԲϹɿӽȣҵĽűɵĴɵĿȶ˽ȥýֺŪǸòװŵ㡣ӳ극;þӿȡȡȡоǹõ㱻ԽŨϹŮϴ裬Լϴˡ
ŮſڴϿҿڴͷֻŵڰͲסŮ˵˾䡸椹ԹԵԼŶҲȥϴ衣ͼѹԼȥ䡣
ϹѾϴòˣҽɫɫ˵ϴԧԡУҽС㡣Ҽټٵϡ
ŶԭСġϹЦĴչǹˮӲĶݵߡ
ױҰһۡ
סס¡ףװɣϴɾġУףҧ˵ţҧס
̧ۿϹüͷװҪӡϹָҵıӣǹŶұ㡣ζر𡣲ʲôŶӦõ徫͵ζɣȥԺˡ(ôôء)˵õ徫ͺŶֲôɧҰĻסͷʹĽš¡
IJ˵
ˣͷһһףȻ
ȥɣҸϴˡȥôȥЦŴˮվ³ˮϹͦšһǶ
ҰϴҾ֪Ųȥء
˵ʵڵģӶѧˡϹףѳ˼ҳ㷹ûô˷ܴ̼ˡʮ꣬һڣʮˡ
ֵĸоˡ֪ôˣĪʮǣ
ϹֻͿԡҺæšȼӲıҺɹȥһסţ͵ҵȼ䣬ȻȼסŤƨɡԡҺҵȷȥ硣ҵһֻԼȼ䡣
оһһ¶ҵġоһһĥҵĴꡣһƣͶ˻ꡣҹˮץˮܷӣƨӭš
ϹָֽҵľջһȻתͷ뿴Rҵͷסߡ
ıָͦת
ıͻȻijҸоһҺӻĴһ
裡ôŮ·ڶߡ(ѽ𣿺áˡ)椣迴һֻСӣһۼңĵС˹СأǰɣϹſںš
ڻ椣˾Լ˯ɡұ˯ˣˡ裬Ƿɵij𣿴ûа𣿡ְڴءϹһ˵һ߳ջָİĻͱҵľջ
šŮſڣǿûнС֪DzΪԡҺҵûиоֻۡǾջǵģģǣСġ
椡ȥ˯ɡһְְѳӴ衭ϴˡȥŶϹһŪҵⴽһûھջ鶯
ĵСһһֻء費£ҺͰְֱءŮԶȥӦǻȥˡ
ûøϹҡ
ûһջ𣿡ɡϹղһŪͲij鶯ŮſڡţУѾÿվסˡϹַסҵƨɣ١
һץˮܣһŻ١ϹıĽҡһǰһ档ұһᣬܿƵӿ֣ھһӿͷֻйҵĿھΡоϹھջͻͻһӹڵϡϣϹҳϴ
Ū˼ҵľջָŻ
ߡƽʱdzĿġ춼Ե˹ǺǡǰǰԵġײ͡ҹˣϹŮѳ˯šڴͷֻղźϹġ˶þӷֻǿԺӻе㲻ͨϹѿҸ߳ʱˮ˵Ҷڹý͡
ֻөĻϣѣѺ߮ͷšʮһˣأڸأǣңһɡҰ𣿲һϲɡ
ֻϹҸôءǸŮ𣿲ǰɡ
ֻǶ档Ϊ̫ƽɡ
һʱоʣܴ̼Ϲ֪Ҹ߮¡ɡˡҪˡ(ҵۿת)ġϹ˵ұҰࡣޣҪҵġһġСͷۡС챥ܴݲСãղϹһֱרעھջûϹϲҵ귿ˣ壬ԲƵġսǻ˵ڼңϽ֣ϹҲDzŹ
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רƽ·ߣϲҵһһĸоʱں棬Ҳ§鷿סȻʱҲ᳣ϷǰʱؿڵҲżĵץһѷ
ں棬ǾͷˡҿԴİӿڴ
ȻſֶΡŪϹӲͦͦ²˳ǶôֵʱⰡԴС椣㿪ʼæµϾҲ顣Ϲһʱ伸ûˣŨĻҲˣһһѵǶѾİˡҲǴҴææ͵͵ϰΪ֫ӴȻݲ¡ҺϹÿ˹Ůûʱܰ˵˵Ļ(ÿͬ˵ĻȺϹ˵Ļࡣͻ߮ˣǵģǣѣѵġ)һκ浽˯òװţҲòˡҸ˯ţϹ굽ұѣ˵ҺܷԺIJ֪ϹЩʲô§һͻȥˡ֪ˣǿȥѺɲŬϹıһֱҲûӲ
Ϲ˵ˣ˯ɡԺϹòҡ(ϹǸС۵ˣǺСӲҷƢֻԼ)˺óһʱ䣬һֱûҡ
̲סǵĸDzǵˣˡDzǶҿʼˡһôʱ䣬DzǶûˣDzǾҲɰˣˣҷֿˣ˵˵žͿˡ
һ뵽ֿˮֹסˡɵϹҡ
ţǻֵÿ𡭡һôˣѾϰˡϹ˵Dzֿǰɡţţ˼ҵţˮڻDz䡭ϰߡ
ϲ㿴ҵ۾˵ϲҵ˵ϲüӵ˵ĸǧůı۰˯ô̵度һûҸôһҹµ˵һϰ˵ҲıκȱԲɫҴҹƼز֪紵֪ƣ롭дţдţ[ռ]дţˮס۾ҲֻөĻˡ⼸죬˾ͦࡣģ̸ԼģģװģһˡϹˣԤҪ¡ԺŮסѼҡѡү椣˲١
⼸죬ûȥ߮Ƕһͦæģһôʱ䣬֪ǹ˾˻֪ЩʲôУҲԼ侲һ¡߮һ˸绰˵æֻ˼ע壬עϢ֮ġ
ʱһǻĥŻ߮Һ¡IJ
Ҫңõ廨Ӧģκ֮Ƶij嶯˷ܣԼؼҺϹǾΥ˵ĺӡ֤ˡ
Ҫʲôõҵ壿ԳռңõҵġûСųߣõҵˣõҵģܵģҸ˵ܶˡֻϹᣬҲܰˡ
ûнǮƣ(ݿûҶ)ûпֺã(Ƕٿϵ»ûһԹһٷ)ҵļ£Ҳû˵Լǰ(Ҷ)Լ˵Ļ(ûпҶƵƬdzڶҶƵı)ܴķ˵߮Ǹһˡ
ΪһĴ꣬λϣһ˵ٵ·ˮаˡǺǣãʮŲ㡣ͣɣҿɲ°ˮؼҡ
㣬˾֪ͨãˡͬ½½ˡҿڲĻǽִܵ㷢Ҫˮȥô꣬ʹɡҲ϶ʪġҺýûȥ
ҪҾٵȵȣͣСһߡ(Ľ˼гˡ)صǰѣϻ߮ˡ
ӦԶ绰ԺʹУ㲻Ҳõ𣡻˵أʮŲ㣬ҪΣյĶడ㰡ѻ죡Ǻǣأû˰ɡţ˾ǰ°ˣͬǶˣСһߡóɡŶСͣ߮ѾڳˡյģĴ(߮˵гҲͽա)ͣǡ˳ڸݡ
⼸ۻ˰ɡСûзӣҲûдϹˣš(֪Ļ)ŻؼҰɣšǺǣۻҹ˾أɳŲ衣ߡȰġءû°ɣУѾŶǺǡ졣
絽ճճס͵˼
굽ߣס䡣
߾ԵԵдʯ档
֮һԸҾһ㡣
尾ǣΪమƵƱ䣬Űһ죬ֹԶҵָ֣ҵֱỮšָҵʳָָָšң°ڣҵСϡҼһưɡߣ˵ˡԸ˰ɡϹһˣÿһδ(ã³ͷֻճõDZؿ)ϹҪöŻأµۼҲ¡㻹Ҫסҵ촽ҵĻоţпϵƤҳ˳Ĵ뿪ˣǡҡ
(֪ΪʲôÿҵIJ)ҵֺ£ƤƤҵ˫־ԽͷƤϵκ档ҾŸ첲αڸλϡ
ҵģֱסҵͷ첲ʵĿһûǸ°ûţãҲǰġһû˵áʲô˼оߵ鷿˳(͵˰)ıһֻ鷿ϹţһֻСһ
һֻ鷿صĻţһƯ
ҵΣбţҵظӵͦҵ鷿ţšͷ֮ĵطˣؿһƬʪʪģġ
Ȼʼûͷȴоͷƴǰͻţ顭顭ģġ
(˿̣ҿʹ࣬ꡣңҧҶУֻDZڰվС)о¶һӦƤ鷿ء
ȻϵƤ鷿սְƤ鹵ӣƤҵؿڽ˸ޡ귿ŪùĹĵģͷ͵һһġ
Ȼ˫ѾˣȻƣΣţš
ڣݺݵģݺݵסһֻͷоıݺݵľһ¡
һͷָסۡķ·ҲסˡһߺDZһDZߺʶŤţкšӷˣҵηƽˣظ֮ϣֻƤŵ鷿ô¶šͷֱֱָաһֿһֻҵ鷿
ᱻ˿˵DZŲŲӡġץؿڵƤ˻ǺǣҪһϣͻɣһѡ
ͷһѡ
ȥģʡ
Ҽҡء
Ҳܻȥ̫ġţ֪ˡ(һΣѵģûС衹ûΪԼѵĽˡϹԲҾ롭ֻ롭ס衹һΡԭҰɡ)ڳϵϡ裬СˡָڲϵIJŪҵͷﲻ֪˭ڳšҹҵ߸ߵķ裬ӭŷ绶
ҵɵƮ˴ѡ
Խ赲Զ˵ԣ˵㰮ҵķͣˣҵİֻǰѣ£³ܽ¥ţܽݣֱܽļҡ(һ·ûˡȻ)һݣߵЬĿҡĴϣڼĴš(³һ·ɱˡ)̧ͷǽϵʯӢѾָĵһˡ
ߵߣҡ(ڵһܻûϵƤš)ȡ߰ڴͷϡȻڴߣҵ(ûпֻ)峺ģճյģϵģģ˵ġ·һ˿ʹľ(Ϊʲôôӵ)ҰͷŤһߣٺӣԼʧ۾(ҲģֻϹ)һԴĻ
·ھҵ˼붷һشľһ㡣Բϲ㣡Ҷ˵šҡϲ㡣֪мϹˣǺమһ˵ϲ㣬ҡ㡣Һܾˡǡҡġ֪֪ҲӦʲôֻҪ֪Һܰ㣬ܰ㣬Ϲһ㣬ܱ㻹Ҫҡ˵ֻҪ˵ΪʲôҲûشʲôҿƶǶĵ˵ͷ
Բƭ㡣ûҶƣûˣҶϹġⱲֻϲһˡ㡣֪ϹܺáļͥҸDzܵģ㲻ᡭҵġӴͷijóһŴ洢ŵҵİпնʱĶɡʵͰˣϹ磬ʱ㻹ϸСҡҡġܺһ𡭡ΪҾе״Ρ˵ұʣֻĬĬšڻ̲סӽ㣬ֻ֪֪йôһˡһܰܰˡ˵ģĻû̫
ǣĺܸж
ѵˣ֡ѵţпڿ㡣ߵѵϵ·ڴߣȻ§ͷѻƤ鷿ݵߣĸιһ
ҽ˽ƤؿЩʺٺۡٺţšҵĸոЩȴĴһ£һι̡ҵӲӲĶ(Եİ)ҰƵڴϣȻȥϣһסȼӲһؿڲŪСͷŵҧ촽۾
ҷſӲ֣ǸҵĹɹϡǷӣƨɻĴȸǸӲӲĶͷ·ǻȵ磬ҵĹɼ䴽ȻžһĴСϡ
šͬʱ˳ſӣǰѧʱʱССͷסҵߣҿı飬ֻĴŴϥǶһĴϣĥšȻǸҡƬ̣ǸʹӴѳͻȻıסңҧסҵ鷿ĶмݺݵššоضǼһƬɻشϣһͷ±ѾˡֽҴһҺǺǡлл㣬ժ˴еñӡƶ졣ɫѿ(ѵ˵ģǵһΣ)ˣҵûؼˡҡǺǣͺúЪЪɣԼȥСǺðɡסһ𣿡DZ𰡡ŮƵġƽ㣬װҼææ·˰һ뿪ļҡϣŮ˯ˡڴϣؿڵٺۺ鷿ʱ̡µӡţòøšֻѣϣڡ˵ʲôأһڻС˵ĻҼȸжԻͰˣ
Ϲ磿Ǹ洢ʲôأֻеȷʱٿˡ
귿ϣָܿϣϹʱᷢʲô
껹ڲšһڿֻϻ߮ɫͷ㶡ڸأ˯ߵʱӣǺǣ̲סЦĥŮ˷֣Ǹ
Ժôأ˵ϲңҡҡҲˣðɡϹ֪˿ô찡ǵġôϡͿľ͵زءҲˣǸġ衹һѾ衹ˡҸˡԺٺ̫ˣϹ֪͵һû
ѣõˡ˯ɣ˯Ҳ˯컹ϰء벻ģȲȥ롭֪˶ֻŻ˯ȥ糿ֻӳʱͷġȼʪҹξ
Ŷμ߮ˡμ߮ѹӵ廨·̵ijʱ˶פۿָָ㡭ϵİҰڳɸֲơ·ڵչʾҵʩչֶΣ·ڵڱݡ
굶ҵëҵëһֻëʡȻֻëһҵ٣һҵӿİҺϣұŪڹ֮䣬ǻڸ߳Եķֿҵ˫ȣҺĻȻҵƬչʾҽʱͻȻϹǰ
Ҿ֣Ҫ۾ʱϹȴңӶͷ촽ӲͷؿСֱסҹŭŵĻҳ鴤Ϲǿҵĸ߳һ˲ۻĻ߮ҵһ̻ҷ𡭡죬ͷͷֻۡǿβϣľƣ߮û绰ҲûҲϣѣѣżˣҲӰӡϹǼһһ绰֪Ҳȥҽ˵ϻҾǸоԼԴľľģġòͦĩڼϢ죬㾢һһϰ࣬߮˾˵Ҫǰ⡣˵ϰ߮ˣϣ
(´ϣ)ಡѾˣ
ͬ¸ǰλϣ㶵Ŀţѣϻ߮ͷðز磬˰١صԼļңŴԣӰҳ߮ҵǸ洢洢һĵһļСĵдšӨ֪ܷҲ֪ʱῴ֡
ԸԶῴΪ֤һߡ
㣬һôҸ°ԶԶĿţԶԶš
֪һصಡŴġǼûһܻʮġ
ΪˣҲûдһʼ㡣ʹֻĬĬĹע㡣ֻܰǿҵİ
ֲDzʺϽģһ̣оḺʱǿҴ̼ᵼġ
ֻԶԶĿ㣬͵͵Թijɳͺá㹤飬ӡΪѧ˳̺ȾƣʹԽԴ鲻Խʣܹ㣬ӵ㣬ǶݵģֻһΡ
֪йһİˡһӣֻһŮˡ
лijȫԸлҿӵ㣬ʹֻ壬ʹĶݡ
˵ֻϹҲãֻҪҰ㹻ˡ뿪ʱͲ̫ġ
֪ȴҵʲôҾʱ֪Ҿ˻ķɶꡣ
ܽۻҵҡ
˵һΣ߮ļУǧƬĵĶҡ
ʱڵģҸʱġֳϵģҺϹġա
óеڹԶԶĵġеľ߽ĵġ
ҹϹСݵƬĿϹƨ˰칫ұͷʱġˡֻоտյġ·˲ƬʵûȲʡ㿪ֲɯơǰ˵ġ۵ġġĹ¡õӺסꡭҼȻļ
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֣ : δ18Ͻվ se94se ڹΪڹԱܱɱ
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